Foo ti Foo
Read more beneath the pictures.
Tekenen en aquarel in elf stappen.
De scoop:
In deze moeilijke en ook vrije tijd moeten we ook verder met Wetenschap en Cultuur. Deze elfdelige online basiscursus tekenen en aquarel is bedoeld voor jongeren van 0 tot 88 jaar. Vandaar de gemiddelde leeftijd van de deelnemers en tevens titel van de cursus: "Foo ti Foo".
Hopelijk vind je plezier en ontspanning in de elf losse afleveringen van deze beide aartsmoeilijke disciplines.
Eerste Etude:
Neem een grote gebruikte enveloppe of een stuk krantenpapier en een stylo of een heel zacht potlood. Zet de punt van het gekozen schrijfgerief op papier, de punt blijft op het papier zonder onderbreking.
Teken heel traag, heel traag de contour van eender welk object (geen foto) zonder naar het blad te kijken.
Technische of perspectivische tekenen wordt volledig vergeten. (Pre Rafaël)
Staat alles scheef of uitgerekt, geen probleeml, integendeel dat geeft nog meer plezier.
Herhaal dit minstens 500 maal, elke dag oefenen ....
Daarna teken je ganse carrière oog-handgecoördineerd, de basis van ieder kunstwerK.
Succes.
Het onderwerp / The object
De tekening / The drawing
Het resultaat / The result
Drawing and
watercolor in eleven steps.
The Scoop:
In this difficult
times we should continue with Science and Culture. These basic online
drawing and watercolor course is intended for young people aged 0 to
88 years. Hence the average age of the participants and also the
course is entitled "Foo ti Foo". Hopefully you will find
fun and relaxation in eleven separate episodes of these two extremely
difficult disciplines.
First Etude:
Take a large used
envelope or piece of newspaper and a pen or a very soft pencil. Put
the tip of the selected pen on the paper, the point remains on the
paper without interruption. Draw very slowly, very slowly the outline
of any object (no picture) without looking at the paper.Technical or
perspective drawing is completely forgotten. (Pre Raphael) State all
skewed or stretched, no problem, on the contrary its giving more fun.
Repeat this at least 500 times, exercise every day ....The hand-eye
coordination is the base of each artworK.
Good luck.
+copyright©2020paulscorpi – all rights reserved+
Simon Hantaï.
Watercolour on folded canvas.
This splendid watercolour is exposed now on Brafa, Brussels.
In 1960, Hantaï developed his technique of "pliage" (folding): the
canvas is folded and scrunched, then doused with colour, and unfolded,
leaving apparent blank sections of the canvas interrupted by vibrant
splashes of colour.
Simon Hantaï (1922 - 2008)
Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo
Click to enlarge.
Op de foto klikken om te vergroten.
Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, the son of Giambattista made this magnificent drawing "LE MARIAGE DE LA VIERGE MARIE", with ink and sepia in the year 1792 to illustrate a bible together with another 313 "sepias". This work of art was sold last month in Paris by Prunier SVV.
Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, also called Giandomenico Tiepolo ( 1727— 1804), Venetian artist, son of the Rococo painter Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. He was a talented genre painter, especially of scenes from contemporary life. He produced innumerable drawings for collectors, besides nearly 200 etchings after his own and his father’s designs.
copyright 2013 Prunier SVV
Victor Brauner
Aquarelle, 20 x 14 cm.
Vendue à Marseille, France.
Victor Brauner, a Surrealist painter, was born and raised in Romania, where he studied at the School of Fine Arts in Bucharest.
Brauner's paintings evince a fascination with wounded eyes, and he depicted scenes drawn from magic and the occult.
He represented France at the Venice Biennale in 1966, the year he died.
(dropbears.com)
copyright : Gazette Drouot, France.
Alberto Vargas
The Peruvian painter Alberto Vargas
(1896 – 1982) was one of the most famous of the pin-up artists,
combining watercolor and airbrush.
He became famous in the 1940s as the
creator of World War II era pin-ups for Esquire magazine known as
"Vargas Girls." The nose art of many World War II aircraft
was adapted from these Esquire pin-ups. Vargas painted portraits of
all the stars of Broadway extravaganza. Hugh Hefner asked him to
paint foldout nudes for Playboy. At the age of 64,Vargas began this
new career, he worked for Playboy for 16 years during which time he
produced more than hundred masterpieces.
He retired in 1976. In 1978, with Reid
Austin, he wrote Vargas, a compelling tale of his life.
.
Graham Dean
Diver 2, 2011
Watercolour on handmade Indian paper 38 x 28cm
"Fitter, Quicker, Longer"
Paintings of Olympic and Paralympic athletes
You are cordially invited to the opening by The Rt Hon Don Foster MP
Friday 6 July 2012
6.00 – 8.00pm, speeches 6.30pm
Victoria Art Gallery
By Pulteney Bridge, Bath, UK
www.victoriagal.org.uk
Admit two; sales bar (proceeds to the Friends of the Gallery)
Exhibition continues until 2 September 2012
Open Tuesday to Saturday 10.00am – 5.00pm
Sunday 1.30 – 5.00pm
Closed Mondays
Catalogue available; works for sale
Copyright Graham Dean
.
Oskar Schlemmer
"Female Head, lowered profile."
Watercolour, 28 x 22 cm.
On the open market in Zürich, 2011.
Oskar Schlemmer was born in 1888 in Swabia and, after a period studying painting, studied at the "Kunstgewerbeschule" as well as the "Akademie der Bildenden Künste" in Stuttgart, Germany.
Stylised female figures, were a predominant subject in his painting, integrated into geometric structures.
In the twenies Schlemmer worked as a teacher at the Bauhaus, that was founded by the architect Walter Gropius (1883-1969). Occupied with murals, sculpture, drawing and painting showed that he always strove to create a "Gesamtkunstwerk". Schlemmer's work became intrigued with the possibilities of figures and Greek sculpture with their relationship to the space around them.
He published his theories on art in a comprehensive book with his letters and diary entries.
The artist died in 1943.
This watercolor can be compared with
"Oskar Banister Scene I, 1931" watercolour that is conserved in the Albertina in Vienna.
T. Venkanna
T. Venkanna
Hungry for Life, 2012
watercolor on paper
76 x 56 cm
"His interest is in the “simple act of day-dreaming wherein we escape
from the harsh realities of this world via an undisturbed and
uninterrupted flight of imagination.”
~ Roselyn D'Mello
On Brussels Art Fair a few days ago we had the opportunity to see this fine watercolor of
T. Venkanna who was born in 1980 in Gajwel, Andhra Pradesh.
He lives and works in Baroda, India.
Since the association of Gallery Maskara with T. Venkanna,
he has found both critical and commercial success in India and abroad.
Works that were languishing in his studio for years together can today
be found in the prestigious Saatchi collection, Burger collection,
Swagemakers collection and dozens more across the globe.
Courtesy:
Gallery Maskara, Mumbai.
photograph: masterwatercolors copyright 2012
Expo Bonvin, Baltimore USA
Born in the Parisian suburb of Vaugirard (FR) in 1834, Léon Bonvin had artistic ambitions from an early age. Bovin's earliest drawings were small, somber charcoal and ink sketches of his bleak environment. By outlining the forms in sepia-toned ink, Bonvin achieved distinctive, almost photographic effects in his watercolors. In January 1866 he traveled to Paris to try to sell his watercolors. The day after an art dealer refused his work, the despairing artist hanged himself in the forest of Meudon. A posthumous sale of his watercolors raised over 8,000 francs to benefit his destitute family. Thanks to Walters’ enthusiasm for the artist, the Walters Art Museum has the largest holding of Bonvin’s works in any public collection.(source: The Getty Museum)Léon Bonvin: WatercoloursUntil 20 May 12Walters Art MuseumBaltimore USA www.thewalters.org
Salon du dessin, Paris.
Palais de la Bourse
Paris
Du 28 mars au 2 avril 2012
From Wednesday 28th March until Monday 2nd April 2012(Private view Tuesday 27th March from 4pm until 10:30 pm)Late opening: Thursday 29st March until 10pm
More
.
Georges Grosz, aquarelle. Copyright Nagy.
Brushes
water and color.photograph : masterwatercolors.
Kazimir Malevich
Cupola at St. Petersburg, pencil and watercolour.Kazimir Severinovich Malevich was born on February 26, 1878, near Kiev.Russian painter, designer, and writer, with Mondrian the most important pioneer of geometric abstract art.During the early years of his career, he experimented with various Modernist styles and participated in avant-garde exhibitions, such as those of the Moscow Artists’ Association together with Vasily Kandinsky and Mikhail Larionov.He held Exhibition of Watercolour in December 1910 at the Society of Moscow Painters.Malevich was the founder of Suprematism, a Russian modern art style developed from Constructivism, Futurism and Cubism.Because of his connections with German artists, he was arrested in 1930 and many of his manuscripts were destroyed.The Tretiakov Gallery in Moscow gave Malevich a solo exhibition in 1929. In his final period, he painted in a representational style. Malevich died on May 15, 1935."The principal element of Suprematism in painting, as in architecture, is its liberation from all social or materialist tendencies. Through Suprematism, art comes into its pure and unpolluted form. It has acknowledged the decisive fact of the non-objective character of sensibility. It is no longer concerned with illusion."Kazimir Malevich.Literature: E. Martineau, Malevitch et la philosophie. La question de la peinture abstraite.Malévitch, Malévitch : artiste et théoricien.Jean-Claude Marcade, Malevitch.
Source: Guggenheim org. online
Rik Wouters
"Nel at work" , watercolor.
Click to enlarge.
"Noortman gave pride of place at the front of his stand to an early 20th-century artist from Belgium, Rik Wouters. ... Wouters was a hit."
(Tefaf 2004)
One of the most popular Flemish artists, Rik Wouters, is primarily known for his marvellous fauvist paintings. Watercolours play an important role in the philosophy of the artist; it was Wouters aim to maintain the spontaneity of a study in his artworks.Rik Wouters was a Belgian painter and sculptor born in Flanders (Malines) in 1882 and died in Amsterdam in 1916.As a sculptor-decorator of pieces of furniture he started to work at the age of twelve years in the workshop of his father, where he learned woodcarving.Then he followed the courses at the Academy of Malines from 1897, and later the Royal Academy of the Art of Brussels in 1900, in particular the course of “sculpture according to nature” given by Charles Van der Stappen.He was a friend of Fernand Verhaegen, and was in the same class as Edgard Tytgat. At the beginning of his career, Rik Wouters was fascinated by the work of James Ensor.In 1905 he meets Nel, the young model woman for various artists, she becomes his wife and "MUSE", he will never stop representing her. In the year 1908, his reputation as a sculptor was already established.The year 1912 was important for Rik Wouters. In this year he came to an agreement with Georges Giroux, who had just started his gallery in Brussels. Rik Wouters made sixty paintings for the gallery in 1912. Sources: Noortman, Peter Vanruysseveldt, Souren Melikian.
More on the Expo at Malines (in Dutch)
.
Tribute to Ronald Searle.
Watercolor cartoon on "population growth" initially published on Steve Heller's blog."There was the irresistible impulse to draw. I cannot remember wanting to be anything else other than an artist.” Ronald SearleYet his signature method, a curious mix of minimalist detailing and rococo flourishes using a vibrant watercolor palette, exuded a modern air — sometimes realistic, other times abstract, occasionally phantasmagoric. (NYT)Searle was born in Cambridge, England, he started drawing at the age of five and left school at the age of 15. He trained at Cambridge College of Arts and Technology (now Anglia Ruskin University) for two years.In April 1939, realizing that war was inevitable, he abandoned his art studies to enlist in the Royal Engineers. In January 1942, he was stationed in Singapore. He married the journalist Kaye Webb in 1947; they had twins, Kate and Johnny. In 1961, he moved to Paris, leaving his family and later marrying Monica Koenig, a painter, theatre and jewellery designer. After 1975, Searle and his wife lived and worked in the mountains of Haute Provence.Searle died on 30 December 2011, aged 91. (Wiki) His family said in a statement that he had died in his sleep after a short illness. More“His ability to draw in a variety of styles allowed him to master all forms of graphic art,” the caricaturist Edward Sorel said.
Kodak
Priced at $1, it was intended to be a camera that anyone could afford and use, leading to the popular slogan: "You push the button, we do the rest." An estimated 25 million Brownie versions were sold up until the 1940s. (BBC News 2012 19 01)
This night, Eastman Kodak filed for bankruptcy protection, a sad turn for the 132-year-old American corporate icon and for Kodak’s employees and hometown of Rochester, N.Y.(WSJ blogs)
(photograph: de tijd) first Kodak camera
NAWArtists show.
"¡Barcelona!" by Nicholas Simmons is a new painting he did for the North American Watercolor Artists exhibition.NAWA is holding it's first group exhibition in the United States at Strathmore in Bethesda, Maryland from January 7 through February 4, 2012. The reception will be held January 8 from 2-4pm. All of our members will be present together for the first time.
Kathleen Alexander, Carol Carter, Mark Mehaffey, Thomas Schaller, Nicholas Simmons, and Keiko Tanabe
photograph: Nicholas simmonscopyright Simmons 2012
Albert Anker
Girl reading, diam. 28 cm.This fine watercolor was sold in Bern, Switzeland for an absolute record price for this artist .(900.000 CHF)Albert Anker ( 1831 - 1910) was Swiss painter and illustrator who was born in Ins as the son of veterinarian Samuel Anker. He took private drawing lessons with Louis Wallinger (1819–86) His father reluctantly consented to an artistic career, and in 1854 Anker moved to Paris, where he joined the studio of Charles Gleyre. He studied at the Ecole Impériale des Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1855 until c. 1860, meanwhile selling portraits. Only after his death in 1910 was there a first exposition dedicated to him, held at the Musée d'art et d'histoire in Neuchâtel.Copyright DOBIASCHOFSKYLabels: rtist
Marin-Marie
This superb watercolor will be in a public sale in Paris this Month.“The Ile de France in the New York Channel, a lot of traffic and the Winnibell II at the far left”
Aquarelle, signée 50 x 70 cm.Marin-Marie was born on December 10 1901 at Fougerolles du Plessis ( Mayenne, France) his real name is Paul Emmanuel Marin-Marie Durand , he was a writer and marine painter.In 1923 - 1924 he exhibited at the gallery Devambez in Paris .He had a passion for yachting , regattas, the adventure of sailing alone: Marin-Marie made an Atlantic crossing on Winibelle II in May 1933. In 1936 , he makes another performance by crossing the Atlantic in 19 days from New York on a motorboat diesel. He died in 1987 at his home in Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouët, holder of many awards in the field of marine art. Having sailed on all types of ship, he was a major witness in the history of the French navy.source: Wikipedia in French.Copyright Deburaux & Ass.
Fall colors
Acer palmatum sp.
Romare Bearden
This fine watercolor will be sold in new york on October 6th.Watercolor, pen, pencil and collage Bearden was born in North Carolina USA in 1911.Bearden started to experiment with forms of collage in the 60ties. He used clippings from magazines, which in and of itself was a new medium as glossy magazines were fairly new. Together with others, he founded the artists' group "Spiral", which tried to define an Afro-American artistic identity.The artist's interest in jazz and folk music is reflected in many of his works.Litterature:Washington, M.Bunch, The Art of Romare Bearden:The Prevalence of RitualWalcott, Derek, The Caribbean Poetry of Derek Walcott & the Art of Romare Bearden. Ed. Gail Gelburd, A Graphic Odyssey: Romare Bearden As Printmaker."The essence of painting is a self-disciplined activity that you have to learn by yourself." (Romare Bearden)
Actual Exhibition:
Romare Bearden: The Soul of Blackness, A Centennial Tribute.
The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
515 Malcolm X Boulevard
New York
July 15-Jan 7, 2012
Jean Dufy.
Jean Dufy (1888-1964), Watercolour, Le Ballet, signed.Jean Dufy was born in Le Havre, where he began to study art at night while working during the day. When he obtained a small scholarship in 1900 he went to Paris to study with Bonnat.Dufy's watercolors depict yachting scenes, sparkling views of the French Riviera, chic parties, and musical events in a optimistic, fashionably decorative, and illustrative style.
copyricht: Chiswick Auctions
Edward Burne-Jones
Edward Burne-Jones (1833-1898)
The annunciation 1886
Watercolor and tempera heightened with gold.
Norwich Castle Museum.
Watercolour Exhibition
Tate britain
until August 21.
"I mean by a picture a beautiful romantic dream of something that never was, never will be - in a light better than ever shone - in a land that no one can define or remember, only desire - and the forms divinely beautiful..." Edward Burne-Jones
"the Art Bag" (Trafalgar Square, London)
masterwatercolors
Pierre-Joseph Redouté
This fine watercolor was sold in London on July 5th.
Pierre-Joseph Redouté (Saint-Hubert 1759-1840 Paris)
A blue iris, a geranium and a white poppy
signed 'P. J. Redouté'
pencil, watercolour on vellum, (23.2 x 17.3 cm.)
Pierre-Joseph Redouté (1759 - 1840), was a Belgian painter and botanist, known for his watercolours of roses, lilies and other flowers. He was nicknamed "The Raphael of flowers".
Becoming acquainted with the work of Flemish and Dutch flower painters Jan I Brueghel, Rachel Ruysch, Jan van Huysum, Jan Davidszoon de Heem, and Cornelis van Spaendonck, Redoute became an heir to the tradition.
From 1817 to 1824 he produced the work that was to become the peak of his success, namely the monography "Les Roses" in an excellent print by Firmin Didot.
If you are intending to buy an original very rare, large paper copy of this book,
click here.The price is about : 950,000 US$. (3 vol.
, 1817-1824)
Musée Pierre-Joseph Redouté
Rue Redouté - 11
6870 Saint Hubert - Belgiquefor info click Musée.
photograph: masterwatercolors
copyright: Christie's London.
Simon Bening
This week a superb Illuminated manuscript on vellum, in Latin and Dutch, "The Imhof Prayerbook" from the Arcana Collection was sold at Christie's London. It is illuminated by Simon Bening.Antwerp (and Ghent) by 1511.Simon Bening b. about 1483 Ghent, Flanders, d. 1561 Bruges, Flanders.Simon learned his craft in the workshop of his father, the painter Alexander Bening, in Ghent. By 1500, he moved to Bruges. In addition to producing books for powerful aristocrats such as Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg, Bening worked for a group of international royal patrons including Emperor Charles V and Don Fernando, the Infante of Portugal."It has been generally accepted that the effaced coat of arms on f.25, discernible if viewed from the reverse against strong light, belongs to the Imhof, one of the patrician families of Nuremberg." "In his lifetime Bening was described as 'the greatest master in the art of illumination in all of Europe' and he has retained that position among modern critics: 'the art of no other Flemish illuminator so fully epitomises the triumph of Flemish manuscript painting ..."(Christie's.)Photograph: masterwatercolorsClick on the photo to enlarge..
Norman Lindsay
Norman Alfred William Lindsay (1879 –1969)was an Australian artist, sculptor, writer, editorial cartoonist, scale modeler, and boxer. He was born in Creswick, Victoria. Lindsay is widely regarded as one of Australia's greatest artists, producing work in different media, including pen drawing, etching, watercolour, oil and sculptures in concrete and bronze.
A fine watercolor by the artist will be sold at Menzies Fine Art, Kensington, Australia on June 23.:
"At the Ball" watercolor on paper 51.0 x 46.0 .Click here!.
To bubble ore not to bubble, ...
"The value of art, as the old saying goes, is only what the next person is willing to pay for it. A maxim that is eerily similar to the definition of a financial bubble."Art News Worldwide"The value of its sales (contemporary art: note) in China increased by 983 per cent in one year (2005-06). In Russia they rose 2,365 per cent in five years (2000-05), while its stock market increased by “only” about 300 per cent."Prospectmagazine, 20 12 2008"Bubbles are driven by the behavior of a perennially optimistic market participants (the fools) who buy overvalued assets in anticipation of selling it to other speculators (the greater fools) at a much higher price."
WikipediaThe contemporary art market can not be compared with others, in my opinion, because of the lack of transparancy. Where is the energy coming from?Source: Nouriel Roubini on Twitter.
Edward Brian (Ted) Seago
The Pool, Midsummer, watercolour.
Provenance: with Richard Green
Donnington Priory 22 June.Edward Brian (Ted) Seago (31 March 1910–1974) was an English artist who painted in both oils and watercolours. Born in Norwich, Seago was a self-taught artist, and aged fourteen, he won an award from the Royal Drawing Society. Seago also received the guidance from Bertam Priestman. R.A. He also enjoyed success at the Paris Salon, Glasgow, New York, Toronto, Montreal, Los Angeles, Oslo and Brussels. He was a member of the Royal Society of British Artists from 1946, and of the Royal Watercolour Society in Edinburgh from 1959.At the onset of World War II Seago enlisted and served in the Royal Engineers. During the war he traveled around Italy depicting the struggle and from then on Seago produced almost exclusively landscapes. "The Queen Mother bought so many that eventually the artist, who died in 1974, gave her two a year – on her birthday and at Christmas. Prince Philip invited him on a tour of the Antarctic in 1956, and his subsequent paintings, considered to be among his best, hang at Balmoral."Literature:The Country Scene, in Poems by John Masefield, and Pictures by Edward Seago Shipp Horace, Edward Seago. Painter in the English Tradition (Limited Edition) Reid James W., Edward Seago The Landscape Art. Masefield, John., Tribute to Ballet, in poems by... and pictures by Edward Seago. Seago Edward and Oustinoff, Edward Seago (1910 - 1974) Ron Ranson, Edward Seago: The Vintage Years 
copyright: Dreweatts
Barthélémy Toguo
"The Giving Person" , 2008, watercolor. Art Brussels, 2011.
Barthélémy Toguo was born in Cameroonin 1967, he lives and works today in Paris and Bandjoun, Cameroon. He began his studies at the Abidjan School of Fine Arts, Côte d’Ivoire.
Barthélémy Toguo’s art, which spans performance, installation, sculpture, painting and printmaking, engages personal and political geographies in the context of global migrations and cultural confrontations. He is a multifaceted artist whose work has been exhibited at the Drawing Centre in New York, at the Cabinet des Arts Graphiques of the Georges Pompidou Centre in Paris, at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Miami and at the Mory Art Museum in Tokyo.
The artist began to work with watercolor in 1998; born of his many trips and experiences, this practice yields a kind of logbook or travel diary. Toguo has done several such watercolor series.
Literature:
The Sick Opera.
Toguo Reperes 146.
The Lost Dogs' Orchestra.More fine watercolors.
photo: masterwatercolors
copyright : Barthélémy Toguo
Lucebert.
Lucebert, ink watercolor and gouache.Lubertus Jacobus van Swannswijk, who took the pseudonym of Lucebert, was born in Amsterdam in 1924.During the war he began experimenting with abstract drawing and painting and a fresh mode of poetry,He belonged to the Dutch literary movement of De Vijftigers. They were highly influenced by the European avant-garde movement COBRA. So was Lucebert, especially in his early work. His art reflects a rather pessimistic view on the world.Lucebert’s growing reputation as a poet culminated in his receiving the Dutch State Prize for Literature in 1967. He also continued to draw and paint throughout his life.Lit.:
Exh. Cat., Dortmund, Germany, Museum am Ostwall, 'Lucebert, Bilder, Gouachen, Zeichnungen',1960.Exh. Cat. Bochum, Städtische Kunstgalerie Bochum, 'Lucebert', 1963.
Exh. Cat. Londen, Marlborough Fine Art Ltd., 'Lucebert', 1963, Schilderijen, gouaches, tekeningen en grafiek. Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, 1969.
Gedichten 1948 - 1963.
Wir sind Gesichter, Gedichte und Zeichnungen, 1972.La tirania de la libertad. Dibujos. Poemas. Pinturas, 2000.
More Lit.
photo: masterwatercolors
Georges Mathieu
Untitled, signed watercolor, fifties.
Georges Mathieu is a French painter in a lyrical abstract style.
He was born in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France in 1921. After painting realistic landscapes and portraits, he developed a highly distinctive personal style and he gained an international reputation in the 1950s as a leading Abstract Expressionist.
He took part in exhibitions of informal painting and contributed to the development of the informal esthetic both by his paintings and his writings.
Among his writings are "Analogie de la non-figuration" (after WWII) a note on the relation between art and Lupasco's logic of the contradictory and an article on American painting published in Art Digest .
An art theorist as well as an artist, Georges Mathieu made a name for himself as the founder of Tachism in the essay 'Au-delà du Tachisme' in the sixties.
"The so called avant-garde is basically only a working out and statement of new forms ... a short time before these become part of a tradition." Georges Mathieu..
